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Edouard Topin's Blog

Topic: kubernetes

All articles tagged “kubernetes”.

16 articles

2026

  1. 16 min read

    FinOps cost models: what AWS, Azure and GCP bill — and what VCF calculates

    An EKS cluster-hour, an AKS tier, a GKE Pod request and depreciated VCF hardware are not four values of one variable. What each platform bills, and what VCF calculates instead.

  2. 23 min read

    Network policies and Cilium: building a defensible default-deny

    The NetworkPolicy API ships with Kubernetes; enforcing it is the CNI's job. What Cilium adds, what stays standard, and how to reach default-deny by watching real flows before blocking any.

  3. 18 min read

    Kubernetes RBAC: the foundations, and the pitfalls that survive an audit

    Every one of these pitfalls is published on kubernetes.io. What is missing is the ordering — and the path that leads from a vSphere Namespace straight to cluster-admin.

  4. 17 min read

    Runtime security: Falco and Tetragon, and how to actually choose

    Falco and Tetragon both collect through eBPF. What separates them lies elsewhere: event scope, rule model, and above all what each one can actually prevent.

  5. 17 min read

    Supply chain security: Sigstore, SBOM, admission control

    Kubernetes verifies no image signature on its own. Signing with Sigstore, inventorying with an SBOM, refusing at admission — and what each of those verbs actually covers.

  6. 16 min read

    OpenCost: seeing before acting on Kubernetes spend

    OpenCost makes cluster spend readable per namespace. We look at its allocation model, what its default pricing really is, and where the open source ends.

  7. 19 min read

    Rightsizing Kubernetes workloads with VPA and KRR

    VPA recommends and applies, KRR recommends and explains. VPA's six update modes, and what each one actually does to a Pod now that in-place resize is stable.

  8. 7 min read

    VCF 9.1: Kubernetes & self-service, the platform takes over

    VKS linked clones, 500 clusters per Supervisor, simplified Container-as-a-Service and Tech Preview object storage: how VCF 9.1 closes the self-service gap.

  9. 6 min read

    Centralised logging with Loki and Fluent Bit on VCF

    Build the PLG logging stack on VCF and VKS: deploy Fluent Bit as a DaemonSet, configure its pipeline stages, ship logs to Loki, and query them with LogQL.

  10. 7 min read

    Observability foundations for VCF: metrics, logs and traces

    The three pillars of observability defined by the OpenTelemetry specification, why they matter for VCF and VKS, and how to choose the right tool for each.

  11. 5 min read

    OpenTelemetry on Kubernetes: distributed tracing for cloud-native apps

    Configure the OTel Collector pipeline on VKS, instrument applications with auto-instrumentation agents, export traces to Tempo or Jaeger, and correlate traces with Prometheus exemplars.

  12. 5 min read

    Prometheus & Grafana on VKS: the production monitoring stack

    Deploy kube-prometheus-stack on VKS, configure ServiceMonitors and PodMonitors, set up alerting, and integrate with Grafana dashboards — an annotated production guide.

  13. 6 min read

    GitOps on VKS with Argo CD: from bootstrap to multi-tenant

    Turn a VKS cluster into a self-service platform. Argo CD bootstrap, multi-cluster ApplicationSets, external secrets, and multi-tenant patterns — the practical guide.

  14. 7 min read

    Day-2 ops on VKS: lifecycle, upgrades, observability

    From creation to upgrade through backup and observability — operating a VKS cluster on VCF 9 without surprises. CAPI, VKr, Prom/Graf/Loki, and VCF Operations.

  15. 8 min read

    Networking in VCF 9: from vDS to pod, the packet path explained

    How a packet travels from the virtual switch to a VKS pod — vDS, NSX segments, T0/T1, NSX ALB and their trade-offs. The architect's networking guide.

  16. 11 min read

    Deploying your first VKS cluster on VCF 9: An architect's guide

    VKS is not TKG renamed. Architecture, consumption paths, annotated YAML, day-2 ops, and real limitations — the architect's guide to VCF 9.